What is the life cycle of Plasmodium falciparum?
The malaria parasite life cycle involves two hosts. During a blood meal, a malaria-infected female Anopheles mosquito inoculates sporozoites into the human host . Sporozoites infect liver cells and mature into schizonts , which rupture and release merozoites . (Of note, in P.
What are the life cycle of Plasmodium?
Plasmodium life cycle – UpToDate. (1) Plasmodium-infected Anopheles mosquito bites a human and transmits sporozoites into the bloodstream. (2) Sporozoites migrate through the blood to the liver where they invade hepatocytes and divide to form multinucleated schizonts (pre-erythrocytic stage).
How does PfEMP1 contribute to the virulence of Plasmodium falciparum?
Virulence of Plasmodium falciparum is associated with the expression of variant surface antigens designated PfEMP1 (P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1) that are encoded by a family of var genes. Data presented show that the transmission stages of P. falciparum also express PfEMP1 variants.
What does PfEMP1 bind to?
PfEMP1 bind to a variety of human ligands (11, 12), the most common of which are cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) (13⇓–15).
What does PfEMP1 stand for?
Abbreviations. PfEMP1: Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1. VSAUM: variant surface antigens associated with uncomplicated malaria.
What is the life cycle of Plasmodium vivax?
The life cycle of P. vivax is digenetic i.e. it involves 2 hosts man and mosquito. Female Anopheles mosquito is the Primary host or definitive host. The sexual cycle is completed in it. It involves two phases, gametogony, and sporogony.
What are the three stages of Plasmodium?
Of the many forms the malaria parasite takes during its complex life cycle, three stages must invade host cells; the ookinete, the sporozoite and the merozoite (see Fig.
What are the 3 stages of Plasmodium life cycle?
[A] Human liver stages (exo-erythrocytic cycle ) (1) The female anopheles mosquito injects parasites (sporozoites) into the human after a blood meal. Sporozoites travel into the bloodstream to the liver. (2) Sporozoites invade the liver cells (hepatocytes). (3) Sporozoites mature into schizonts.
What are three stages of Plasmodium?
The oocysts grow, rupture, and release sporozoites, which travel to the mosquito’s salivary glands. Inoculation of the sporozoites into a new human host perpetuates the malaria life cycle.