What is the legal document on which the Republic of Turkey was founded?
The Constitution of 1921 (Ottoman Turkish: Teşkilât-ı Esasiye Kanunu; Turkish: 1921 Türk Anayasası) was the fundamental law of Turkey for a brief period from 1921 to 1924. The first constitution of the modern Turkish state, it was ratified by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in January 1921.
When was Turkey’s constitution ratified?
The constitution was ratified on 7 November 1982. It replaced the earlier Constitution of 1961.
Which was the first Turkish constitution?
The 1921 Constitution (Teşkilat-i Esasiye Kanunu) This was a result of the GNAT having had extraordinary authority as a constituent Assembly. The 1921 Constitution consisted of 24 articles and the first nine articles dealt with the fundamental principles on which the state was based.
Why did Turkey became a republic?
The Republic of Turkey was created after the overthrow of Sultan Mehmet VI Vahdettin by the new Republican Parliament in 1922. This new regime delivered the coup de grâce to the Ottoman state which had been practically wiped away from the world stage following the First World War.
Why did Turkey become secular?
The principle of Turkish secularism, and the separation of state and religion, were historically established to modernize the nation. This centralized progressive approach was seen as necessary not only for the operation of government but also to avoid a cultural life dominated by superstition, dogma, and ignorance.
What law does Turkey follow?
Turkey’s judicial system has been wholly integrated with the system of continental Europe. For instance, the Turkish Civil Code has been modified by incorporating elements mainly of the Swiss Civil Code and Code of Obligations, and the German Commercial Code.
What decision was taken in Turkey after the Constitution was amended in 1928?
Amendments. The first change occurred on April 10, 1928, which changed, inter alia, Article 2 and the provision of “Religion of the Turkish state is Islam” was removed. Further changes followed on 10 and December 11, 1931 and 1934 respectively.
Who won the Russo Turkish war?
Russia
The 1877–78 Russo-Turkish War pitted Russia and Serbia against Turkey over autonomy for Bosnia and Herzegovina. Russia was victorious, but the gains it achieved under the Treaty of San Stefano (1878) were restricted by the Congress of Berlin (1878), imposed by Britain and Austria-Hungary.
Who spread Islam in Turkey?
The established presence of Islam in the region that now constitutes modern Turkey dates back to the later half of the 11th century, when the Seljuks started expanding into eastern Anatolia.
Did the British occupy Turkey?
Official declaration, March 16, 1920 On March 16, 1920, the third day of hostilities, the Allied forces declared the occupation: In an effort to prevent the spread of Turkish nationalism, General Sir George Milne and an Allied force occupied İstanbul.