What is the etiology of TB?
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a type of bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It’s spread when a person with active TB disease in their lungs coughs or sneezes and someone else inhales the expelled droplets, which contain TB bacteria.
What are the methods of etiological confirmation of tuberculosis?
The Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) or the TB blood test can be used to test for M. tuberculosis infection. Additional tests are required to confirm TB disease. The Mantoux tuberculin skin test is performed by injecting a small amount of fluid called tuberculin into the skin in the lower part of the arm.
What is the etiology of a disease?
The term “etiology” means the science of causes; from a scientific perspective, all diseases must have causes. A cause is something that produces an effect; in epidemiology it is customary to distinguish necessary cause, sufficient cause, proximal cause, and distal cause.
What is the primary prevention of tuberculosis?
Primary prevention in tuberculosis is necessary to avoid the disease transmission and causing infection in healthy people. The BCG vaccine is given to children who are predisposed to get TB infections, such as children living in endemic countries or close contacts with a confirmed case of TB.
What is the difference between etiology and pathogenesis?
The terms “etiology” and “pathogenesis” are closely related to the questions of why and how a certain disease or disorder develops. Models of etiology and pathogenesis therefore try to account for the processes that initiate (etiology) and maintain (pathogenesis) a certain disorder or disease.
What are the first signs of tuberculosis?
– A general sense of being unwell – Coughing – Coughing up blood or phlegm – Chest pain – Trouble breathing – Loss of weight and appetite – Night sweats – Intermittent fever – Generalized body aches – Fatigue
Is tuberculosis caused by bacteria or virus?
Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that can be cured with antibiotics. Tuberculosis ( TB) infection is caused by a bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mostly affects your lungs but it can also affect other parts of the body including the lymph glands, brain, kidneys, bowels or bones.
What is the life cycle of tuberculosis?
When a person inhales tuberculosis bacteria, it starts dividing in 15 to 20 hours after inhalation. The bacterium is known to be dormant for years together and sometimes it can lie inactive for as long as 30 years before becoming active.
What are the common symptoms of tuberculosis?
A cough that lasts for more than three weeks