What is secondary axotomy?
Secondary axotomy is an active process that some have compared with programmed cell death, and refers specifically to the phenomenon whereby an injured axon remains in structural continuity immediately following injury but enters a ‘pathological cascade’ of responses that lead to axotomy at least some hours later.
What is secondary axonal damage?
a complete physical break in an axon, often caused by a stretch injury or laceration. Primary axotomy occurs at the moment of trauma while secondary axotomy occurs later due to secondary injury cascades/axon degeneration.
What is Laser axotomy?
The main way to initiate neuronal regeneration in C. elegans is laser-mediated cutting, or axotomy. During axotomy, a fluorescently-labeled neuronal process is severed using high-energy pulses. Initially, neuronal regeneration in C. elegans was examined using an amplified femtosecond laser5.
Is diffuse axonal injury reversible?
DAI is a serious but common type of traumatic brain injury. It can be fatal, but it is also possible to regain consciousness after a DAI. For those who recover, intensive rehabilitation will be needed.
How long after axotomy is function distal to the injury lost Why?
Loss of axonal continuity due to an axotomy lesion causes breakdown of the distal axon over a period of 3–5 days. The myelin surrounding the distal stump also degenerates, and during chromatolysis the cell body becomes swollen with accumulating proteins that will be needed to begin the process of regeneration.
What is diffuse axonal brain injury?
Diffuse axonal injury is the shearing (tearing) of the brain’s long connecting nerve fibers (axons) that happens when the brain is injured as it shifts and rotates inside the bony skull. DAI usually causes coma and injury to many different parts of the brain.
Can you recover from diffuse axonal injury?
Patients with grade I and II diffuse axonal injuries recovered consciousness within 2 weeks, while patients with grade III injuries required approximately 2 months.
Can a damaged axon grow back?
After peripheral nerve injury, axons readily regenerate. This active process results in fragmentation and disintegration of the axon. Debris is removed by glial cells, predominantly macrophages. Proximal axons can then regenerate and re-innervate their targets, allowing recovery of function.
What is secondary axonal degeneration?
Secondary axon degeneration is a common feature of demyelinating neuropathies and this process is often correlated with clinical deficits and long-lasting disability in patients.