What is produced water treatment?
In general, produced water treatment process has three main stages i.e. pre-treatment, main treatment step, and final polishing treatment step. The pre-treatment step is done to remove large oil droplets, coarse particles and gas bubbles to reduce dispersed contaminants.
How is water treated in an oilfield?
Treatment of produced water can be achieved within different processes or methods including physical (filtration, adsorption, etc.), chemical (precipitation, oxidation), and biological (activated sludge, biological aerated filters and others) methods.
What do oil companies do with produced water?
Produced water is a term used in the oil industry to describe water that is produced as a byproduct during the extraction of oil and natural gas. To achieve maximum oil recovery, waterflooding is often implemented, in which water is injected into the reservoirs to help force the oil to the production wells.
What is oilfield produced water?
Produced water is water that comes out of the well with the crude oil during crude oil production. Produced water contains soluble and non-soluble oil/organics, suspended solids, dissolved solids, and various chemicals used in the production process.
What is produced water offshore?
Produced water (PW), a large byproduct of offshore oil and gas extraction, is reinjected to formations or discharged to the sea after treatment. The discharges contain dispersed crude oil, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylphenols (APs), metals, and many other constituents of environmental relevance.
Is produced water brine?
Brine, or produced water, is a byproduct of oil and gas production. It consists of water from the geologic formation, injection water, oil and salts. Brine has a high salt concentration the ions of the salts negatively affect the site’s soil and vegetation, impairing its ability to produce crops and forage.
How do you clean produced water?
Treatment Alternatives. Considering the main contaminants present in produced water, treatment goals include deoiling, desalination, degassing, suspended solids removal, organic compounds removal, heavy metal and radionuclides removal, and disinfection.
What is the pH of produced water?
5.1-6.8
All the produced water samples were acidic with pH ranging from 5.1-6.8.
Under what circumstances is produced water produced?
Most oil- and gas-bearing rocks also contain water. When the oil or gas is extracted from these rocks, the water comes out too. This “produced water” is a byproduct of almost all oil and gas extraction, though the amounts of produced water can vary widely in different places or over the lifetime of a single well.
What is the difference between flowback and produced water?
This fluid is called flowback and produced water (FPW). The difference between flowback and produced water is time spent in the well; flowback usually refers to return of injected fluids, while produced water is formation water that is high in gas and oil1.
What is the difference between produced water and formation water?
Produced water is water trapped in underground formations that is brought to the surface during oil and gas exploration and production. In traditional oil and gas wells, produced water is brought to the surface along with oil or gas. Produced water can also be called “brine”, “saltwater”, or “formation water.”
Can we drink produced water?
Although produced water can potentially be treated to drinking water quality (Tao et al. 1993; Doran et al. 1997; Kharaka et al. 2008), little research has been done on the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of direct or indirect potable reuse of produced water from oil and gas production.