What is an isoenzyme test?
Takeaway. The ALP bone isoenzyme test is a blood test that measures the levels of ALP-2 in your bones. The test can detect abnormal levels of bone growth that may indicate a bone disease or another serious condition such as leukemia or hyperparathyroidism.
When is an ALP isoenzyme test necessary?
When the ALP test result is high, you may need to have the ALP isoenzyme test. This test will help determine what part of the body is causing higher ALP levels. This test may be used to diagnose or monitor: Bone disease.
What are liver isoenzymes?
Alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme test. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme found in many body tissues such as liver, bile ducts, bone, and intestine. There are several different structural forms of ALP called isoenzymes. The structure of the enzyme depends on where in the body it is produced.
How can you distinguish between liver and bone ALP?
After O-glycanase treatment, bone ALP molecules deprived of an O-linked sugar moiety had a molecular size and heat stability similar to liver ALP. The difference between liver and bone ALP molecules may be due not only to their manner of sialic acid linkage but also to the attachment of the O-linked sugar moiety.
What is the cause of high alkaline phosphatase levels?
Higher-than-normal levels of ALP in your blood may indicate a health concern with your liver or gallbladder. This could include a blockage in your bile ducts, gallstones, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and some forms of hepatitis.
What bone disorder causes high ALP?
People with Paget’s disease of bone often have raised levels of ALP, although some people with the condition have a normal ALP level and a high level can also be caused by some other conditions.
What do you mean by isoenzyme?
Isoenzymes (also called isozymes) are alternative forms of the same enzyme activity that exist in different proportions in different tissues. Isoenzymes differ in amino acid composition and sequence and multimeric quaternary structure; mostly, but not always, they have similar (conserved) structures.
How many isoenzymes does ALP have?
Alkaline phosphatase is divided into four isozymes depending upon the site of tissue expression that are Intestinal ALP, Placental ALP, Germ cell ALP and tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase or liver/bone/kidney (L/B/K) ALP.
Can low vitamin D cause high alkaline phosphatase?
Vitamin D deficiency is usually accompanied by elevated levels of total alkaline phosphatase in the blood. However, it is not the best indicator of vitamin D deficiency [24]. Alzheimer’s disease, Paget’s disease, and vitamin D deficiency may all underlie high alkaline phosphatase levels.