What does the second pharyngeal arch gives rise to?
The first, most anterior pharyngeal arch gives rise to the oral jaw. The second arch becomes the hyoid and jaw support. In fish, the other posterior arches contribute to the branchial skeleton, which support the gills; in tetrapods the anterior arches develop into components of the ear, tonsils, and thymus.
Does the mandible develops from the second branchial arch?
The mandible develops from the second branchial arch. Mesenchyme of the hyoid arch forms the facial muscles. Branchial clefts may be found along the anterior border of the trapezius muscle.
Which nerve supplies the second branchial arch?
The nerve associated with the second pharyngeal arch is the facial nerve (CN VII). It innervates all the muscular derivatives of the 2nd arch – the muscles of facial expression, stapedius, stylohyoid, platysma and the posterior belly of digastric.
What do the pharyngeal arches develop into?
Pharyngeal arches develop from the cephalic (head) portion of the neural crest, which is a strip of tissue that runs down the back of the embryo and gives rise to a large number of different organs. Pharyngeal arches produce the cartilage, bone, nerves, muscles, glands, and connective tissue of the face and neck.
What is first and second branchial arch syndrome?
First and second branchial arch syndromes (BAS) manifest as combined tissue deficiencies and hypoplasias of the face, external ear, middle ear and maxillary and mandibular arches. They represent the second most common craniofacial malformation after cleft lip and palate.
What is branchial arch syndrome?
Abstract. First branchial arch syndrome is a congenital disorder characterized by a wide spectrum of anomalies in the first branchial arch, mainly affecting the lower jaw, ear, or mouth, during early embryonic development.
Which condition is due to the failure of the second pharyngeal pouch to grow over the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arches?
The most common disorder in which this occurs is DiGeorge syndrome, caused by a deletion in the long (or “q”) arm of chromosome 22, leading to a hypoplasia of 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arches and their associated phayngeal pouches. Symptoms and signs of DiGeorge often include: hypoplasia of the hyoid.
What type of cartilage is found in the second branchial arch?
Reichert’s cartilage
Reichert’s cartilage is formed in the second pharyngeal arch in two segments. The longer cranial or styloid segment is continuous with the otic capsule; its inferior end is angulated and is situated very close to the oropharynx.
What is the fate of Meckel’s cartilage in amphibians?
In between, Meckel’s cartilage transforms to a ligament or disappears, subsumed by the growing dentary bone.