What does ganglioside mean?
A ganglioside is a molecule composed of a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide) with one or more sialic acids (e.g. n-acetylneuraminic acid, NANA) linked on the sugar chain. Recently, gangliosides have been found to be highly important molecules in immunology.
What is ganglioside gm1b?
Vaccine.
How are gangliosides named?
The G at the beginning of each ganglioside name indicates the belonging to the ganglio-series of glycosphingolipids; A, M, D and T indicate the presence of zero (absent), one (mono-), two (di-) and three (tri-) sialic acid residues, respectively.
What is sphingosine made of?
Sphingosine is synthesized from palmitoyl CoA and serine in a condensation required to yield dehydrosphingosine. Dehydrosphingosine is then reduced by NADPH to dihydrosphingosine (sphinganine), and finally oxidized by FAD to sphingosine. Sphingosine is also formed via degradation of sphingolipid in the lysosome.
What is the simplest ganglioside?
GM3
First, a simple ganglioside, GM3, is synthesized by addition of a sialic acid to LacCer by CMP-sialic acid: LacCer α2–3 sialyltransferase (ST-I or GM3 synthase)….Table 1.
| Series | Basic structure | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|
| Isoganglio | Galβ1–3 GalNAcβ1–3 Galβ1–4Glcβ1–1’Cer | iGg |
| Lacto | Galβ1 −3 GlcNAcβ1 −3 Galβ1 −4Glcβ1 −1 ‘Cer | Lc |
What are cerebrosides and gangliosides?
Cerebrosides are formed by addition of neutral or amino sugars to ceramide. Glucocerebroside is produced by reaction of uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose with ceramide. Gangliosides are produced by the addition of one or more sialic acid groups (also called N-acetylneuraminic acid) to a cerebroside.
Is a ganglioside a Globoside?
As nouns the difference between ganglioside and globoside is that ganglioside is (biochemistry) any of several galactocerebrosides found in the surface membranes of nerve cells while globoside is (biochemistry) a kind of glycosphingolipid with more than one sugar as the side chain (or r group) of ceramide.
Who discovered gangliosides?
Gangliosides had been discovered by Ernst Klenk in the 1930s (Klenk, 1937, 1939) when he analyzed postmortem brain tissues of patients with Tay–Sachs disease, a fatal infantile form of amaurotic idiocy.
What is the derivative of sphingosine?
The N-acylated derivative of sphingosine, ceramide is the precursor of most of the sphingolipids and it has been isolated in the free state from neuronal and several other tissues (Gatt, 1963; Martensson, 1969; Samuelsson, 1969).
Which structure is a sphingomyelin?
Sphingomyelin (SPH, ˌsfɪŋɡoˈmaɪəlɪn) is a type of sphingolipid found in animal cell membranes, especially in the membranous myelin sheath that surrounds some nerve cell axons.
Is ganglioside a lipid?
Gangliosides are complex lipids with a strong amphiphilic character due to the big saccharidic headgroup and the double-tailed hydrophobic moiety.