What are the symptoms for CD19?
Acute neurologic signs and/or symptoms occur in a significant proportion of patients treated with CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor-T cells for B-cell malignancies. Clinical manifestations include headache, confusion, delirium, language disturbance, seizures and rarely, acute cerebral edema.
What is CD19 cancer?
CD19-positive cells are elevated in malignant tumors of the B-lymphocyte system, such as CD19 in 95% of acute pre-B lymphocyte leukemia cells and 94% of acute mature B-lymphocytic leukemia cells. Moreover, CD19-positive cells are also found in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and Burkitt lymphoma.
What is CD19 T cells?
CD19-targeted CAR T cells have induced complete remissions of disease in up to 90% of patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), who have an expected complete response rate of 30% in response to chemotherapy.
What is CD19 negative relapse?
CD19-negative relapse in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is observed as an infrequent event after chemotherapy and in up to 20% of patients after CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell immunotherapy1. Patients with CD19-negative relapse usually have a poor prognosis1, 2.
What cancers does car t treat?
The types of cancer that are currently treated using CAR T-cell therapy are diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in pediatric and young adult patients up to age 25.
How long do car T side effects last?
Signs of CAR T cell-related encephalopathy syndrome show up around one to four weeks after the transfusion and last two to four days. While these side effects can be upsetting, they’re reversible most of the time.
What is CD19 targeted therapy?
CD19 Makes an Attractive Target It regulates both antigen-independent development and immunoglobulin-induced activation of B cells (Figure 1). CD19 makes an attractive target for cancer therapy because its expression on normal cells is limited to those of B-cell lineage.
Why do car T cells target CD19?
CD19 serves as an ideal target for CAR-directed therapies because it is expressed on most B cell malignancies (including CLL, B-ALL, and many NHL), it is not expressed on hematopoietic stem cells, and elimination of all CD19+ B cells in the body is a manageable on-target treatment effect [25].
What is B-cell aplasia?
B-cell aplasia occurs when anti-CD19 CAR T cells inadvertently damage normal B-lymphocytes that express CD19. Patients are typically at high risk of developing infections because of their hypogammaglobulinemia. However, this can be treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) replacement therapy.