What are the regulators of pluripotency?
The core ESC pluripotency factors: Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog In ESCs, the pluripotent state is mainly regulated by the core transcription factor trio of Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog4.
What are the 4 transcription factors TFs are required for inducing pluripotency?
Introduction. Differentiated cells can be reprogrammed to pluripotency by overexpression of the four transcription factors (TFs) Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and cMyc (OSKM) (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006).
What is the source of new cells for tissues?
In some parts of the body, such as the gut and bone marrow, stem cells regularly divide to produce new body tissues for maintenance and repair. Stem cells are present inside different types of tissue. Scientists have found stem cells in tissues, including: the brain.
How can we induce pluripotency in differentiated cells?
The four classical transcription factors that have been demonstrated to induce pluripotency are Oct4, Sox2, cMyc, and Klf4. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors, after the researcher who discovered their reprogramming effects. Multiple methods can be used to induce expression of these transcription factors.
Are repressor proteins transcription factors?
Key points: Transcription factors are proteins that help turn specific genes “on” or “off” by binding to nearby DNA. Transcription factors that are activators boost a gene’s transcription. Repressors decrease transcription.
Is a transcription factor a protein?
Transcription factors are proteins involved in the process of converting, or transcribing, DNA into RNA. Transcription factors include a wide number of proteins, excluding RNA polymerase, that initiate and regulate the transcription of genes. Regulation of transcription is the most common form of gene control.
What are protein induced pluripotent stem cells?
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are somatic cells whose characteristics are reprogrammed by ectopic expression or by introduction of defined transcription factors to resemble those of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) [1].
What is pluripotency and how does it work?
Pluripotency establishment (somatic cell reprogramming), maintenance, and execution (differentiation) require orchestrated regulatory mechanisms of a cell’s molecular machinery, including signaling pathways, epigenetics, transcription, translation, and protein degradation.
Why study the mechanisms of pluripotency and reprogramming?
Understanding molecular mechanisms underlying pluripotency and reprograming is highly significant both scientifically and clinically. The posttranscriptional regulation by RBPs constitutes an important regulatory layer for controlling pluripotency and reprogramming.
What is the role of posttranscriptional regulation by RBP in stem cells?
The posttranscriptional regulation by RBPs constitutes an important regulatory layer for controlling pluripotency and reprogramming. Although RBPs have been studied widely because of their involvement in a broad range of cellular processes, their regulatory functions in stem cell field are only just beginning to be appreciated.
Does cap-independent translation control cell fate decisions in embryonic stem cells?
Cap-independent translation by DAP5 controls cell fate decisions in human embryonic stem cells. Genes & Development, 30(17), 1991–2004. 10.1101/gad.285239.116.