What are PHC fractions?
Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) are the primary constituents in crude oil, gasoline (Figure 1), diesel (Figure 2), and a variety of solvents and penetrating oils. Fractional distillation is used to separate the various compounds of crude oil based on the boiling points of each fraction (Figure 3).
What is PHC chemistry?
Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHCs) is the name given to a very broad range of chemicals that comprise oil and products refined from oil, such as gasoline and diesel. This mixture of chemicals can also be described by common chemical characteristics such as boiling point ranges or size of the molecules.
What is the difference between TPH and PAH?
Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) are the main constituents of crude oil; thus, they are one of the most common pollutants found in oil-contaminated soils [3]. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which can also be found in oil-contaminated soils, are one of the crude oil components harmful to organisms.
What is petroleum hydrocarbon pollution?
Petroleum hydrocarbons represent the most frequent environmental contaminant. It is a process where microorganisms present at the site degrade the organic contaminants without the input of external bioremediation enhancers (i.e., electron donors, electron acceptors, other microorganisms or nutrients).
What are hydrocarbon fractions?
Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) is a term used to describe a large family of several hundred chemical compounds that originally come from crude oil. Scientists divide TPH into groups of petroleum hydrocarbons that act alike in soil or water. These groups are called petroleum hydrocarbon fractions.
How do you measure TPH?
]. Traditional wet chemistry methods for determining TPH level in soil samples is based on extracting the contaminant from the soil sample. The TPH level in the extracted solution is then determined by a gravimetric, FTIR, or GC measurement calibrated by an EPA calibration standard.
What is PHC material?
Poly(hydridocarbyne) (PHC) is one of a class of carbon-based random network polymers primarily composed of tetrahedrally hybridized carbon atoms, each having one hydride substituent, exhibiting the generic formula [HC]n. PHC is made from bromoform, a liquid halocarbon that is commercially manufactured from methane.
Where are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found?
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of chemicals that occur naturally in coal, crude oil, and gasoline. They also are produced when coal, oil, gas, wood, garbage, and tobacco are burned.
What unit is TPH?
Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) is a term used to describe a large family of several hundred chemical compounds that originally come from crude oil.
What are hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria?
Petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria are ubiquitous in nature and can utilize these compounds as sources of carbon and energy. Bacteria displaying such capabilities are often exploited for the bioremediation of petroleum oil-contaminated environments.
How many different hydrocarbons are there?
There are four main categories of hydrocarbons: Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic hydrocarbons.
How is crude oil separated into fractions?
Fractional distillation
Fractional distillation is used to separate crude oil into simpler, more useful fractions. A fraction of crude oil is a group of hydrocarbon molecules of similar size with similar boiling points . Their similar boiling points mean that they can be separated by fractional distillation.