What are non self molecules?
Any substance that is recognised as foreign and is capable of triggering an immune response is called an antigen (non self) Antigens are recognised by lymphocytes which bind to and detect the characteristic shape of an exposed portion (epitope)
What is the difference between PAMP and PRR?
Summary: The innate immune system constitutes the first line of defense against invading microbial pathogens and relies on a large family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which detect distinct evolutionarily conserved structures on pathogens, termed pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
What are the different types of PRRs and what is their function?
Based on their localization, PRRs may be divided into membrane-bound PRRs and cytoplasmic PRRs. Membrane-bound PRRs include Toll like receptors (TLRs) and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). Cytoplasmic PRRs include NOD-like receptors (NLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs).
What are the two types of innate immunity?
The immune system is complex and is divided in two categories: i) the innate or nonspecific immunity, which consists of the activation and participation of preexistent mechanisms including the natural barriers (skin and mucosa) and secretions; and ii) the adaptive or specific immunity, which is targeted against a …
What are the 4 phases of the immune response?
All adaptive immune responses develop in steps, consisting of: antigen recognition; activation of specific lymphocytes to proliferate and differentiate into effector and memory cells; elimination of the antigen; and decline of the response, with memory cells being the long-lived survivors.
Why is it important to recognize self vs nonself?
To be able to destroy invaders, the immune system must first recognize them. That is, the immune system must be able to distinguish what is nonself (foreign) from what is self. The immune system can make this distinction because all cells have identification molecules (antigens) on their surface.
What is a self molecule?
In immunology, self molecules are components of an organism’s body that can be distinguished from foreign substances by the immune system. Conversely, non-self molecules are those recognized as foreign molecules.
What is the difference between self and non-self antigen?
The antigens on your own cells are known as self-antigens, while those that do not originate in your body are called non-self antigens. Non-self antigens are present on bacteria and viruses such as influenza and tetanus, which invade your body and make you sick.
Which cells contain PRR?
Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) include a transmembrane set of toll-like receptors (TLRs) found on macrophages, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells (exogenous sensors) that recognize different types of PAMPs.
What cells express PRR?
Pattern recognition receptor (PRRs): Introduction They are mainly expressed by antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages, but they are also found in other immune and non-immune cells. The PRRs are divided into four families: Toll-like receptors (TLR)