What age group does hepatitis D affect?
In multivariate analysis, HDV infection remained associated with the type of HBV infection, hepatitis history, and older ages. They concluded that the increased risk to older ages, especially between 20 to 39 years, may show the importance of sexual transmission in their area (30).
Who is at risk for viral hepatitis?
People who have many sex partners. People who have sex with someone who has a sexually transmitted infection (STI) People who use IV drugs or share needles. Babies born to mothers with hepatitis B, C, or E.
Where is hepatitis D most common?
Hepatitis D is most common in Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, West and Central Africa, East Asia, and the Amazon Basin in South America.
How can you get hepatitis D?
Hepatitis D is spread when blood or other body fluids from a person infected with the virus enters the body of someone who is not infected. Hepatitis D can be an acute, short-term infection or become a long-term, chronic infection.
What are the complications of hepatitis D?
What are the complications of chronic hepatitis D? Chronic hepatitis D may lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer. People who have chronic hepatitis B and D are more likely to develop these complications than people who have chronic hepatitis B alone.
What is the pathogenesis of hepatitis D?
Hepatitis D is caused by infection with the hepatitis D virus (HDV) and is considered to be the most severe form of viral hepatitis in humans. Hepatitis D occurs only in individuals positive for the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) as HDV is a defective RNA viroid that requires HBsAg for transmission.
How does hepatitis affect the individual?
Hepatitis is a liver disease and can cause jaundice, aches in joints and muscles, fatigue, and loss of appetite. Some kinds of hepatitis will last only a short while, but others may take years of treatment or monitoring.
Who does hepatitis affect?
All children at age 1, or older children who didn’t receive the childhood vaccine. Anyone age 1 year or older who is experiencing homelessness. Infants ages 6 to 11 months traveling internationally. Family and caregivers of adoptees from countries where hepatitis A is common.
Is hepatitis D a bloodborne?
Blood-Borne Hepatitis. Hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and hepatitis D (HDV) are all transmitted through exposure to infected blood. Exposure to HBV and HCV can also occur from sexual contact with infectious seminal and vaginal secretions.
Who is most at risk for hepatitis D?
Populations that are more likely to have HBV and HDV co-infection include indigenous populations, recipients of haemodialysis and people who inject drugs. Worldwide, the number of HDV infections has decreased since the 1980s, due mainly to a successful global HBV vaccination programme.
How does hepatitis D affect the liver?
Hepatitis D, also known as the hepatitis delta virus, is an infection that causes the liver to become inflamed. This swelling can impair liver function and cause long-term liver problems, including liver scarring and cancer. The condition is caused by the hepatitis D virus (HDV).
Why is hep D defective?
Hepatitis D or delta virus (HDV) is a defective single-stranded RNA virus requiring the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) for its expression and replication. HDV is a 35- to 37-nm spherical particle enveloped by a lipoprotein coat derived from HBsAg.