How do you measure a condenser vacuum?
Vacuum efficiency = (Actual vacuum in condenser X 100)/Max. Obtainable vacuum. Example-4: The air leakage into the steam condenser is 0.721 kg/min.
How vacuum is maintained in vacuum condenser of steam turbine?
As water and steam has a volume ratio of 1:1600; that means steam is condensed to the size of 1/1600 times than before. In other words, the specific volume of water at a given pressure is many times lower than that of steam. This enormous reduction in volume creates the vacuum inside the condenser.
What is the pressure of steam in condenser?
Typically the cooling water causes the steam to condense at a temperature of about 25 °C (77 °F) and that creates an absolute pressure in the condenser of about 2–7 kPa (0.59–2.07 inHg), i.e. around −95 kPa (−28 inHg) below atmospheric pressure.
What happens if the vacuum inside the condenser increases?
When a vacuum exists in the condenser, atmospheric air will leak into the condenser shell through flanges and other leakage points raising the condenser pressure. Dissolved gas in the water used to raise the steam will also enter the condenser along with the steam, but will not condense.
What is vacuum pressure?
Vacuum pressure is measured relative to ambient atmospheric pressure. It is referred to as pounds per square inch (vacuum) or PSIV. The electrical output of a vacuum pressure transducer is 0 VDC at 0 PSIV (14.7 PSIA) and full scale output (typically 5 VDC) at full scale vacuum, 14.7 (0 PSIA).
How does a vacuum condensate system work?
With the vacuum pump installed on the feed unit, the condensate returns under vacuum directly to the feed tank. It is stored under vacuum until required by the boiler water level control. Finally, note that eliminating your system’s vacuum return pumps will likely increase operating and fuel costs.
Why is the condenser pressure so high?
One common cause of high discharge pressure is the cooling medium (air or water) flowing across the condenser: either there is not enough or the temperature of the cooling medium is too high. A less common cause is noncondensables trapped in the condenser.
How do I increase my condenser vacuum?
Include pressure and temperature gauges in the piping to and from a vacuum condenser. Do the same for the cooling water connections as well. If it is not possible or desirable to include instrumentation at the time of installation, be certain to include connections.
How do you calculate vacuum efficiency of a condenser?
The thermal efficiency of a condenser is defined as the ratio of actual rise in temperature of cooling water to the maximum possible rise. ts = saturation temp., corresponding to condenser pressure (i.e., vacuum temp.) Numerical Example : Vacuum in a condenser is found to be 708.5 mm Hg .
Is vacuum pressure equal to gauge pressure?
What is the difference between gauge pressure and vacuum pressure? Gauge pressure and vacuum pressure are both measured relative to the atmospheric pressure. The difference is that gauge pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure, while vacuum pressure is lower than the atmospheric pressure.
What is the maximum vacuum pressure?
29.92-in.-Hg
The maximum vacuum that can be achieved in locations above sea level will be less than 29.92-in. -Hg. The force will be limited by the ambient atmospheric pressure.