Do endothelial cells produce IL-6?
We report that cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells secrete IL-6 when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. As IL-6 is probably an important regulator of host defense responses, production of this cytokine by endothelial cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and immunologic diseases.
What does high IL-6 indicate?
Therefore, IL-6 serum levels greater than 35 pg/mL of IL-6 are associated with increased risk of mortality, mechanical ventilation requirements, and increased severity of SARS-CoV-2 induced pneumonia.
How does interleukin 6 cause inflammation?
IL-6 in combination with its soluble receptor sIL-6Rα, dictates the transition from acute to chonic inflammation by changing the nature of leucocyte infiltrate (from polymorphonuclear neutrophils to monocyte/macrophages).
What is associated with endothelial cell dysfunction and increased inflammatory markers?
The atherosclerosis, which develops among these patients, is the main cause for cardiovascular morbi-mortality and uncontrolled chronic biological inflammation, which quickly favors endothelial dysfunction. These inflammatory and autoimmune diseases should now be considered as new cardiovascular risk factors.
Is IL-6 an inflammatory cytokine?
It is generally accepted that interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-9, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor-α are pro-inflammatory cytokines; however, IL-6 becomes a protagonist among them since it predominately induces pro-inflammatory signaling and regulates massive cellular processes.
What causes damage to endothelial cells?
Endothelial dysfunction is likely to result from endothelial cell injury triggered via a number of different mechanisms, including the following [2]: bacterial or viral infection; oxidative stress through abnormal regulation of reactive oxygen species, hypoxia, turbulent blood flow and shear stress; environmental …
How do you improve endothelial dysfunction?
Nutrients, such as fish oil, antioxidants, L-arginine, folic acid and soy protein have shown an improvement in endothelial function that can mediate, at least partially, the cardioprotective effects of these substances.
How does interleukin-6 cause endothelial barrier dysfunction?
Interleukin-6 causes endothelial barrier dysfunction via the protein kinase C pathway Interleukin-6 increased endothelial permeability as measured by TEER in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
What is interleukin-6 (IL-6)?
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a prominent proinflammatory cytokine released during infection or tissue injury that contributes to both innate and adaptive immune responses1,2.
Is Interleukin 6 dysregulated in Castleman disease?
Dysregulated interleukin 6 expression produces a syndrome resembling Castleman’s disease in mice. J. Clin. Invest. 1990;86:592–599. doi: 10.1172/JCI114749. [PMC free article][PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] 39.
Which factors induce interleukin-1 gene expression in human vascular endothelial cells?
Libby P., Ordovas J.M., Auger K.R., Robbins A.H., Birinyi L.K., Dinarello C.A. Endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor induce interleukin-1 gene expression in adult human vascular endothelial cells. Am. J. Pathol. 1986;124:179–185.