Are sunspots on the chromosphere?
The chromosphere is an irregular layer above the photosphere where the temperature rises from 6000°C to about 20,000°C. These features include the chromospheric network of magnetic field elements, bright plage around sunspots, dark filaments across the disk and prominences above the limb.
Why does the chromosphere appear red?
The chromosphere appears red because of the large amount of hydrogen present. You can see this red color at the very edge of the Sun during a total solar eclipse. These gigantic plumes of gas are trapped by magnetic fields above the photosphere, reaching altitudes of 150,000 km above the Sun.
How sunspots are formed?
Sunspots are caused by disturbances in the Sun’s magnetic field welling up to the photosphere, the Sun’s visible “surface”. The powerful magnetic fields in the vicinity of sunspots produce active regions on the Sun, which in turn frequently spawn disturbances such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs).
What are chromospheric lines?
These lines are formed above the temperature minimum in the mid and high chromosphere (Figure 1.4). At these increased temperatures, the local temperature, describing the speeds of atoms and ions, can be several hundred degrees higher than the the radiation temperature.
How hot is the chromosphere?
about 36,000 degrees F.
the chromosphere is the innermost atmospheric layer. It is just above the photosphere. Here the temperature begins to rise again, to about 36,000 degrees F. Above the chromosphere is the transistion layer, where temperatures increase 6000 to over half-a-million degrees.
What is the solar chromosphere?
The lower region of the Sun’s atmosphere is called the chromosphere. Its name comes from the Greek root chroma (meaning color), for it appears bright red when viewed during a solar eclipse. The chromosphere is above the photosphere, the visible “surface” of the Sun.
How hot are solar winds?
The solar wind is a stream of energized, charged particles, primarily electrons and protons, flowing outward from the Sun, through the solar system at speeds as high as 900 km/s and at a temperature of 1 million degrees (Celsius). It is made of plasma.
What is the Sun chromosphere?
What is the chromosphere made up of?
The chromosphere is mainly made of hydrogen and helium plasma, which is ionized to produce red visible light, as seen during an eclipse.