What do C2C12 cells differentiate into?
In our study, C2C12 cells were used to investigate the response of skeletal muscle cells to heat stress during differentiation. During differentiation of C2C12 cells, myoblasts undergo remodeling to form mature myotubes in parallel with the increased expression of muscle specific genes16.
What genes are upregulated during C2C12 differentiation?
3. Ccndbp1 is upregulated during C2C12 myogenesis. (A) qRT-PCR analysis was performed of Ccndbp1 mRNA from C2C12 cells at different days post differentiation; when the cells reached growth arrest, it was defined as day 0 and growth medium (GM) was changed for differentiation medium (DM).
What is muscle differentiation?
Differentiation of skeletal muscle is a highly controlled, multistep process, during which single muscle cells initially freely divide and then align and fuse to form multinucleated myotubes. This process of muscle differentiation in vivo is governed by a complex interplay of a wide range of growth and trophic factors.
How big are C2C12 cells?
At the time of the biophysical studies, mean myotube diameter was 12 microns (range 5-25 microns), and mean length was 290 microns (range 130-520 microns).
How do muscle cells become differentiated?
Muscle cell differentiation begins with the conversion of mesodermal precursor cells into single-cell myoblasts, which then fuse to form myocytes. Further fusion of the myocytes produces multinucleate myotubes. Thus, CBP/p300 are required for specific events during the late stages of muscle cell differentiation.
How are myoblasts created?
Muscle tissue is formed in the mesoderm layer of the embryo in response to signals from fibroblast growth factor, serum response factor, and calcium. In the presence of fibroblast growth factor, myoblasts fuse into multi-nucleated mytotubes, which form the basis of muscle tissue.
Where are myoblasts found?
muscle tissue
Skeletal myoblasts (also known as satellite cells) can be located under the basal membrane of muscle tissue and are stimulated to proliferate by injury [113]. These cells can be easily harvested, expanded in culture, and then autologously reimplanted, thereby avoiding any problems from immunosuppression [114].
How do myoblasts fuse?
Current models of myoblast fusion in multiple systems indicate a three-step process in which cells first recognize and adhere to each other, followed by induction of close membrane apposition through F-actin protrusions, and ultimately fusion pore formation through lipid bilayer rearrangement.