What do KIRs bind?
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are a family of highly polymorphic activating and inhibitory receptors that serve as key regulators of human NK cell function. Distinct structural domains in different KIR family members determine function by providing docking sites for ligands or signalling proteins.
What is KIR in immunology?
Killer Ig-like receptors (KIRs) are surface inhibitory receptors specific for allelic forms of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules, which are expressed by natural killer (NK) cells and a subset of T lymphocytes.
What is the function of CD56?
These observations and our findings suggest that NCAM/CD56 is a pathogen recognition receptor and plays a functional role for the NK cell cytotoxicity in the innate immune response. Our study provides novel insights in the interaction of NK cells and A. fumigatus as well as in NK cell biology.
What is CD16 and CD56?
In peripheral blood, the numerically major subpopulation is CD56dimCD16bright (≥90% of total NK cells) and is frequently described as the most cytotoxic subset, whereas CD56brightCD16dim/− NK cells are abundant cytokine producers.
Is CD16 an antibody?
CD16 function is a low affinity IgG receptor mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by NK cells and was also demonstrated to directly recognize unknown tumour ligand (Mandelboim et al., 1999).
What are CD57 cells?
CD57 is a Marker of NK Cell Differentiation CD57 was subsequently identified on CD8+ T cells (5–7) as well as cells of neural crest origin (1, 8–13). Indeed, it was the neuroscience community that ultimately defined CD57 as a terminally sulfated carbohydrate epitope (glucuronic acid 3-sulfate) (14–16).
What is KIR ligand?
Killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIR) are expressed on natural killer (NK) cells, lymphocytes of innate immunity and reproduction. The principal KIR ligands are the polymorphic HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C glycoproteins of the human major histocompatibility complex.
What is KIR mismatch?
Abstract. KIR-ligand mismatch in the graft-versus-host (GVH) direction between donor and recipient in allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) may trigger NK cell alloreactivity. Such KIR-ligand mismatch has been associated with improved survival after haploidentical ASCT for acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
What are KIR genes?
Gene Structure The KIR gene cluster has approximately 150 kb and is located in the leukocyte receptor complex (LRC) on human chromosome 19q13.4. KIR genes have 9 exons, which are strongly correlated with KIR receptor protein domains (leader, D0, D1, and D2, stem, transmembrane, and cytosolic domains).
What does CD56 test for?
CD56 recognizes two proteins of the neural cell adhesion molecule, the basic molecule expressed on most neuroectodermally-derived cell lines, tissues and neoplasms (e.g. retinoblastoma, medulloblastomas, astrocytomas, and neuroblastomas).