What do you mean by protoplast fusion?
Somatic fusion, also called protoplast fusion, is a type of genetic modification in plants by which two distinct species of plants are fused together to form a new hybrid plant with the characteristics of both, a somatic hybrid.
What are the different methods of protoplast fusion?
Chemo-Fusion: Sodium nitrate (NaN03), polyethylene glycol (PEG), Calcium ions (Ca2+), Polyvinyl alcohol etc. are the most commonly used protoplast fusion inducing agents which are commonly known as chemical fusogens. Generally, chemo-fusion techniques are followed in most of induced fusion experiments.
What is advantage of protoplast fusion?
Advantages of protoplast transformation include: (i) delivery of multiple plasmids with high levels of cotransformation, (ii) no binary vector required, (iii) high frequency transformation, and (iv) most plant species are amenable to protoplast isolation and transformation.
What is protoplast and method of protoplast fusion?
Protoplast fusion is a physical method of fusion of somatic cells from different plant to form hybrid. Mixing of protoplasts of two different genomes and can be achieved by either spontaneous or induced fusion methods.
Which is the best combination for a successful mechanism of protoplast fusion?
1. 15% solution of Polyvinyl alcohol (PVP) in combination with 0.05 CaCl2 and 0.3 M mannitol are used to fuse plant protoplasts.
Can protoplast fusion occur in nature?
The use of protoplast fusion in organic farming has been a topic of much debate of late. This breeding method is often seen very critically and is at times even labelled “lesser genetic engineering”. The reason is that it combines genetic material under circumstances which would not occur in nature.
What is called protoplast?
Protoplast, from ancient Greek πρωτόπλαστος (prōtóplastos, “first-formed”), is a biological term coined by Hanstein in 1880 to refer to the entire cell, excluding the cell wall. Protoplasts can be generated by stripping the cell wall from plant, bacterial, or fungal cells by mechanical, chemical or enzymatic means.
What is protoplast technique?
The term protoplast was introduced by Hanstein in 1880. It refers to the cellular content excluding cell wall or can also be called as naked plant cell. The application of protoplast technology for the improvement of plants offers fascinating option to compliment conventional breeding programs. …
What is protoplast fusion followed by regeneration?
Protoplast fusion followed by regeneration by SE is a technique that can be used in plant breeding when sexual crosses are impossible. Somatic hybridization, which brings together two different nuclear genomes that are not genetically close, may not produce fertile plants.
What is the application of protoplast in crop improvement?
Application of protoplast in crop improvement has been best depicted in Nicotiana where protoplast fusion was used to change the alkaloid and disease-resistant traits of tobacco. Nouri-Ellouz et al. (2006) reported the use of protoplast fusion in incorporating disease resistance to Solanum tuberosum.
Which protoplast fusion is used in Roses?
In this case, protoplast fusion is used. In roses, the fusion of callus or cell suspension-derived protoplasts from various cultivars was induced using polyethylene glycol. These protoplasts were used either with protoplasts from cherry or blackberry.
What is the protoplast technique?
Protoplast technique involves couple of steps starting with protoplast isolation, fusion of protoplasts, culturing of protoplast, plant regeneration, and at last characterization of regenerated plant. Protoplasts are usually isolated by digesting the outer cell wall with enzymes like cellulases, pectinases, or hemicellulases.