What is current distortion?
Total Harmonic Current Distortion (THDC) of a current signal is a measurement of the harmonic distortion present and is defined as the ratio of the sum of the power of all harmonic current components to the power of the fundamental frequency current.
What causes signal waveform distortion?
Distortion of the output signal waveform may occur because: The input signal may be too large, causing the amplifiers transistors to be limited by the supply voltage. The amplification may not be a linear signal over the entire frequency range of inputs.
What causes distortion of the voltage and current AC waveforms?
Typical causes. Voltage waveform distortion typically relates to electronic equipment, which has an internal switch-mode power supply (SMPS) that draws a nonlinear current waveform. Whereas a linear load produces a sine wave current, the SMPS draws current pulses at only one portion of the applied voltage waveform.
What causes current harmonic distortion?
Harmonic distortions are usually caused by the use of nonlinear loads by the end users of electricity. Nonlinear loads, a vast majority of which are loads with power electronic devices, draw current in a nonsinusoidal manner.
What are the types of waveform distortion?
There are five main types of waveform distortions: DC offset, harmonics, interharmonics, notching and noise. DC offsets are instances where direct current (DC) overlaps an alternating current (AC) distribution system. This overlapping of two different types of current can cause overheating in the equipment.
What is the voltage and current distortion?
The current and voltage harmonics in a system are often expressed as Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). The total harmonic distortion, or THD, of a quantity is a measurement of the harmonic distortion present and is the ratio of all harmonic components to the fundamental component.
What is a distorted waveform?
Waveform distortions are common power problems that cause equipment to malfunction and sources of power to overload. It is an unexpected change in the waveforms of current and voltage as they pass through a device. In this situation, the new loads prevent the waveform from reaching its highest and lowest levels.
What is distorted image?
Image distortion is when the straight lines of an image appear to be deformed or curved unnaturally, creating different distortion types, including barrel, pincushion, and waveform. Distortion is often the result of the lens’s geometrics and can significantly disrupt the image’s quality.
How complex waveforms are produced?
Complex waveforms are generated by common electrical devices such as iron-cored inductors, switching transformers, electronic ballasts in fluorescent lights and other such heavily inductive loads as well as the output voltage and current waveforms of AC alternators, generators and other such electrical machines.
How do you reduce THD?
How to reduce total harmonic distortion to below 10%
- Increasing transformer turns ratio (n = Np/Ns) increases the reflected voltage.
- Increasing delay time of the converter leads to lowering of THD.
What is harmonics explain harmonic distortion with relevant waveforms?
Harmonics is the generalised term used to describe the distortion of a sinusoidal waveform by waveforms of different frequencies. Then whatever its shape, a complex waveform can be split up mathematically into its individual components called the fundamental frequency and a number of “harmonic frequencies”.
What is distortion physics?
a physics : a lack of proportionality in an image resulting from defects in the optical system an image free of distortion.
What is waveform distortions?
Waveform distortions are common power problems that cause equipment to malfunction and sources of power to overload. It is an unexpected change in the waveforms of current and voltage as they pass through a device.
How can we reduce the effects of waveform distortion?
The effects of waveform distortion can be reduced through the use of an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) and filter equipment. Line conditioners can also be used to minimize the effect of this power problem. Reducing the load used on a transformer can also help reduce waveform distortion.
What are the sources of interharmonic waveform distortion?
The main sources of interharmonic waveform distortion are static frequency converters, cycloconverters, induction furnaces, and arcing devices. Power line carrier signals can also be considered as interharmonics.
What is nonlinear waveform distortion?
Nonlinear waveform distortion means that the wave spectrum also changes. For instance, when the initial waveform is sinusoidal, nonlinearity results in the generation of higher harmonics. The corresponding spectral broadening becomes especially pronounced when shocks are formed (the initial waveform transforms to a sawtooth shape).