What is the difference between PKM1 and PKM2?
PKM1 and PKM2 differ by 22 amino acids and have distinct regulatory properties (Mazurek, 2011). While PKM1 forms a stable, constitutively active tetramer, PKM2 activity is controlled by numerous allosteric effectors and post-translational modifications that affect its tetramer stability.
Where is PKM2 found?
PKL isoforms are mainly found in liver, kidney and red blood cells; while PKR is mainly expressed in red blood cells, biological activity is not clear; PKM1 is distributed in myocardium, skeletal muscle and brain tissue; PKM2 is distributed in tissues such as brain and liver [5].
How is PKM2 different to PK?
PKM2 acts as a coactivator PKM2 is not only present in the cytoplasm of cells as a PK enzyme, but also translocates to the nucleus, which suggests PKM2 has functions in addition to glycolysis (19,30).
Why do cancer cells use PKM2?
The dimer PKM2 regulates the rate-limiting step of glycolysis that shifts the glucose metabolism from the normal respiratory chain to lactate production in tumor cells. Besides its role as a metabolic regulator, it also acts as protein kinase, which contributes to tumorigenesis.
What is the difference between pkm1 and PKM2 Moringa?
Moringa exporter PKM-2 is an improvement over PKM-1. PKM-2 has more lateral branching (desireable for more leaf producting within hands reach) and a seedpod with more flesh than seeds. PKM-2 Moringa, the new variety has recorded an average production of 98 tonnes per hectare.
Is PKM2 an enzyme?
PKM2 is a cytosolic enzyme that is associated with other glycolytic enzymes, i.e., hexokinase, glyceraldehyde 3-P dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, phosphoglyceromutase, enolase, and lactate dehydrogenase within a so-called glycolytic enzyme complex.
What is the first step of glycolysis and why is it important in retaining glucose inside the cell?
In the first step of the glycolytic pathway glucose is phosphorylated to glucose 6-phosphate at the expense of one ATP. In most cells this reaction is catalyzed by hexokinase (EC 2.7. 1.1), enzyme present in the cells of all organisms, and in humans with four isozyme).
What is the role of hexokinase?
Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose, the rate-limiting first step of glycolysis. Hexokinase II (HK-II) is a predominant isoform in insulin-sensitive tissues such as heart, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissues.
What is annual Moringa?
Annual moringa comes up well in a wide range of soil. A deep sandy loam soil with a pH of 6.5 – 8 is ideal for cultivating this crop. Season. Planting is done during July – October. Seed Rate.
Which Moringa variety is best for leaf production?
MOL’E
ABC’s scientists working on Moringa has developed best variety for leaf harvesting Named as MOL’E. Enhanced Harvest:The super high density system requires fields designing to ease the harvest process with less Man, Money and time. Planting depth of Moringa Plants.
Why does glucagon inhibit pyruvate kinase?
Glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis in part by decreasing the rate of phosphoenolpyruvate disposal by pyruvate kinase. Phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase results in enzyme inhibition and decreased recycling of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate and enhanced glucose synthesis.