What is Hennig argumentation?
There are two ways to use the character information and group taxa together based on shared apomorphies. Hennig Argumentation. The first method was described by Hennig and is called Hennig argumentation. It. works by considering the information provided by each character one at a time.
Who proposed phylogenetic tree?
In 1866, the German zoologist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919) published the first Darwinian trees of life in the history of biology in his book General Morphology of Organisms. We take a specific look at the first phylogenetic trees for the plant kingdom that Haeckel created as part of this two-volume work.
How is time represented in a Cladogram?
A cladogram is a diagram used to represent a hypothetical relationship between groups of animals, called a phylogeny. Some cladograms show evolutionary time through the scale of the lines, longer lines meaning more time. Some cladograms chose to show extinct species, while others omit them.
Is a group of species that includes a single common ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor living and extinct?
A clade is a group of species that includes a single common ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor—living and extinct. A clade must be a monophyletic group.
What are shared derived characters?
A shared derived character is a characteristic or trait that two lineages share, which has evolved leading up to their clade.
How do Systematists determine if a character is ancestral or derived?
Terms in this set (51) -example: to polarize the character “tail”, systematists must determine which state (presence or absence) was exhibited by the most recent common ancestor of this group. -evolutionary units and refer to a common ancestor and all of its descendants.
What are the two types of cladogram designs?
The two main types of homoplasy are convergence (evolution of the “same” character in at least two distinct lineages) and reversion (the return to an ancestral character state).
What clades are humans in?
Humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans and gibbons all belong to a common clade – the Hominoids. The Hominoid clade forms part of a larger clade – the Anthropoids – which includes Old World and New World monkeys.
What are the two main goals of Systematists?
What are the goals of modern systematics? 1. Differentiate individual organisms and establish the basic units: species 2. to arrange these units in a logical hierarchy that permits easy and simple recognition in the basis of similarity = classification 3. to keep the details of 1 and 2 separate = nomenclature 4.