How is capnography interpreted?
Phase I (inspiratory baseline) reflects inspired gas, which is normally devoid of carbon dioxide. Phase II (expiratory upstroke) is the transition between VDana, which does not participate in gas exchange, and alveolar gas from the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli.
What does the capnography waveform represent?
Waveform capnography represents the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in exhaled air, which assesses ventilation. It consists of a number and a graph. The number is capnometry, which is the partial pressure of CO2 detected at the end of exhalation. This is end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) which is normally 35-45 mm Hg.
What does PETCO2 of 8 mm Hg mean?
Waveform capnography PETCO2 levels ≥ 10 mmHg indicate adequate chest compressions. If intra-arterial. relaxation pressure (as measured by using an intra-arterial catheter) during CPR is < 20 mmHg attempt to. improve chest compressions.
What are the 2 types of capnography?
There are two types of capnograph, “side stream” and “mainstream” (4) . In the “mainstream” technique, sampling window is in the ventilator circuit and measures CO2, while in the “side stream”, the gas analyzer is located out of the ventilator circuit.
What does shark fin capnography mean?
Bronchoconstriction also causes the rectangular-shaped capnography waveform to have a “shark fin” appearance. A rectangular waveform indicates that difficulty breathing is from another cause that will not be helped by albuterol.
How is ETCO2 capnography measured?
The amount of carbon dioxide exhaled at the end of each breath (EtCO2) is measured through a sensor located between the patient’s airway and ventilator and is then numerically and graphically displayed as a waveform.
What does a flat plateau on a capnogram mean?
In phase 3 (C to D on the capnogram), all of the gas passing by the CO2 sensor is alveolar gas which causes the capnograph to flatten out. This is often called the Alveolar Plateau. The End Tidal CO2 value displayed on the monitor is considered the value taken at end exhalation.
What is PetCO in CPR?
During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO2) correlates with cardiac output and, consequently, it has a prognostic value in CPR.