What is gene-for-gene resistance?
Active plant defense, also known as gene-for-gene resistance, is triggered when a plant resistance (R) gene recognizes the intrusion of a specific insect pest or pathogen. Activation of plant defense includes an array of physiological and transcriptional reprogramming.
What is major gene resistance?
The major/ASR genes are highly effective against one or few races (race-specific resistance) of a pathogen and generally follow the classical gene-for-gene model, whereas APR genes confer resistance to almost all the races (non-race-specific resistance) of a pathogen.
What is the advantage of genetic resistance?
Genetic resistance is the best way to cope with viral diseases, as it is stable, persistent, and requires no chemical input in the field.
Which resistance is controlled by a single gene?
These studies showed that there are two different genetic mechanisms for disease resistance: monogenic resistance is based on single genes whereas quantitative resistance depends on two or more genes.
What is vertical and horizontal resistance?
Genetic resistance that is effective at preventing successful attack only by certain races of a pathogen is called specific (or vertical) resistance, whereas resistance that is effective at preventing successful attack by all races of a pathogen is called general (or horizontal) resistance.
What disease is HH Flor?
Trichoderma Research in the Genome Era Figure 1: Interactions of Trichoderma with plants and plant pathogens.
What causes wilt disease?
Bacterial wilt, caused by numerous species of the genera Corynebacterium, Erwinia, Pseudomonas, and Xanthomonas, induces stunting, wilting, and withering, starting usually with younger leaves. Stems, which often shrivel and wither, show discoloured water-conducting tissue.
What is an example of genetic resistance?
For example, specific resistance genes against Puccinia graminis tritici incorporated into new wheat varieties frequently become obsolete within a few years due to the emergence of new races of the pathogen.
What are the 5 disadvantages of genetic engineering?
What Are the Disadvantages of Genetic Engineering?
- The nutritional value of foods can be less.
- Pathogens adapt to the new genetic profiles.
- There can be negative side effects that are unexpected.
- The amount of diversity developed can be less favorable.
- Copyrighted genetic engineering can have costly consequences.
What are the monogenic and polygenic resistance?
What are monogenic and polygenic resistance? Most plants are resistant to most pathogens. Resistance to a pathogen is determined by the genetic make-up of a plant, and can be due to a single gene in the host plant (monogenic) or to more than one gene (polygenic).
How do scientists identify disease resistance genes?
Immunogenomics, which combines DNA variations, transcriptome, immune response, and QTL mapping data to illustrate the interactions between pathogen and host immune system, will be an effective genomics tool for identification of disease resistance genes in pigs.
What do you mean by horizontal resistance?
In genetics, the term horizontal resistance was first used by J.E. Vanderplank to describe many-gene resistance, which is sometimes also called generalized resistance. This contrasts with the term vertical resistance which was used to describe single-gene resistance.