What is the difference between Th1 and Th17?
O’Connor and colleagues demonstrated that while both Th1 and Th17 cells were found in the CNS of mice with classical spinal cord-associated EAE, only myelin-specific IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells had the capacity to accumulate within the CNS and cause disease if transferred alone, whereas the Th17 cells could not.
Can Th1 become Th17?
However, until recently Th1 cells were thought to be unable to generate Th17 cells. It came therefore as a surprise when Liu et al. presented in the European Journal of Immunology 31 that Th1 cells could generate IL-17-producing Th17 and Th1/17 cells (Fig. 1B).
What cytokines are produced by Th17?
Th17 cells produce the cytokines IL-17A [IL-17] (1–2) and IL-17F (5), as well as the cytokines IL-21 (6–7) and IL-22 (8–9).
Do Th1 cells release cytokines?
Th1 cells are most often defined by their production of IL-2 and IFN-γ but have been reported to produce a number of cytokines including: TNF, lymphotoxin, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF).
What are the Th1 cytokines?
Th1-type cytokines tend to produce the proinflammatory responses responsible for killing intracellular parasites and for perpetuating autoimmune responses. Interferon gamma is the main Th1 cytokine.
What is the main role of Th1 cells?
The main effector functions of Th1 cells are in cell-mediated immunity and inflammation, including the activation of cytolytic and other effector functions of other immune cells such as macrophages, B cells, and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs).
What triggers Th1?
Th1-cell development begins with the secretion of IL-12 and type 1 IFNs (IFN-α and IFN-β). These cytokines are released by macrophages and DCs upon activation by intracellular pathogens.
What is the role of Th17?
Th17 cells play a role in host defense against extracellular pathogens, particularly at the mucosal and epithelial barriers, but aberrant activation has been linked to the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases [5].
What does Th17 stand for?
T helper 17 cells (Th17) are a subset of pro-inflammatory T helper cells defined by their production of interleukin 17 (IL-17). They are related to T regulatory cells and the signals that cause Th17s to differentiate actually inhibit Treg differentiation.
What does Th1 stand for?
Type 1 T helper (Th1) cells produce interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-beta, which activate macrophages and are responsible for cell-mediated immunity and phagocyte-dependent protective responses.