What are the three classes of salinity soil?
Saline soils are usually categorized into three types, ie, saline, sodic, and alkaline sodic soil [54]. Saline soil contains a lower amount of Na adsorbed onto soil particles. This type of soil is often seen in sandy soil containing lower amounts of clay and organic matter.
How do you test soil salinity?
Water and soil salinity are measured by passing an electric current between the two electrodes of a salinity meter in a sample of soil or water. The electrical conductivity or EC of a soil or water sample is influenced by the concentration and composition of dissolved salts.
What determines the salinity of soil?
The soil salinity is defined by measuring the electrical conductivity of soil water extract or saturated soil water extract. The factors that produce measurement errors are temperature, moisture, and texture of the soil. The development of more precise methods for evaluating soil salinity is important.
What is the salinity of soil?
Soil salinity is the salt content in the soil; the process of increasing the salt content is known as salinization. Salts occur naturally within soils and water. Salination can be caused by natural processes such as mineral weathering or by the gradual withdrawal of an ocean.
What are the different types of salinity?
Salinity can take three forms, classified by their causes: primary salinity (also called natural salinity); secondary salinity (also called dryland salinity), and tertiary salinity (also called irrigation salinity).
What are different categories of salt affected soils?
In general, two types of salt-affected soils are distinguished: saline soils that have high electrical conductivity (>4 dS m−1) but low sodium content, and sodic soils that have high electrical conductivity (>4 dS m−1) and high sodium content.
What are the four different ways to measure and report soil salinity Sodicity?
Diversified salinity assessment, mapping and monitoring methods, such as conventional (field and laboratory) and modern (electromagnetic-EM38, optical-thin section and electron microscopy, geostatistics-kriging, remote sensing and GIS, automatic dynamics salinity logging system) have been used and results are reported …
What is soil salinity and Sodicity?
While salinity can improve soil structure, it can also negatively affect plant growth and crop yields. Sodicity refers specifically to the amount of sodium present in irrigation water. Irrigating with water that has excess amounts of sodium can adversely impact soil structure, making plant growth difficult.
What is soil salinity PDF?
Soil salinity is the salt content in the soil. Salts occur naturally within soils and water. The process of soils becoming salty is known as salinization or salination. Salination can be caused by natural processes such as mineral weathering or by the gradual withdrawal.
How many classes of salinity are there?
SALINITY HAZARD The concentration of soluble salts in irrigation water can be classified in terms of Electrical Conductivity (EC) and expressed as dS m-1. There are four classes of salinity viz., C1, C2, C3 and C4.
What is the normal salinity of soil?
According to U.S. Salinity Laboratory Staff (1954), a saline soil has an EC of the saturated paste extract of more than 4 dS/m, a value that corresponds to approximately 40 mmol salts per liter. Crops vary in their tolerance to salinity and some may be adversely affected at ECs less than 4 dS/m. Salt tolerances are known for common crops.
How do you measure soil salinity?
The standard procedure for salinity testing is to measure EC of a solution extracted from a soil wetted to a “saturation paste.” According to U.S. Salinity Laboratory Staff (1954), a saline soil has an EC of the saturated paste extract of more than 4 dS/m, a value that corresponds to approximately 40 mmol salts per liter.
What is soil salinity testing and why is it important?
The University of Georgia Agricultural and Environmental Services Laboratories offer soil salinity testing to help farmers and the general public diagnose and manage problems associated with soil salinity. By definition, a saline soil contains excess soluble salts that reduce the growth of most crops or ornamental plants.
Salinity is often classified into several different types based on the broad cause as described below: Salinity often classified in different categories like – dryland salinity, irrigation salinity, urban salinity and industrial salinity. a. Dryland Salinity: